Method of friction welding



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' METHOD OF FRICTION WELDING I Filed Aug. 1967 v 3 SheetsSheet -1 v INVENTOR vg\e u\';vd D flzvdgsa. kskY ATTORNEY a NOV. 3, 1970 v. VOZNESEKSKY ET AL 3,537,172

'viETHOD OF FRICTION WELDING 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 21, 1967 Nov. 3, 1970 v, VQZNESEKSKY ETAL 3,537,172

METHOD OF FRICTION WELDING Filed Aug. 21,1967 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 7 surface of flat articles and subse United States Patent 3,537,172 METHOD OF FRICTION WELDING Valentin Dmitrievich Voznesensky, 17 Neglinnya St.,

Apt. 20, and Raisa Ivanovna Zaxon, Pervy Babjegorodsky Pereulok 21, Apt. 33, both of Moscow, U.S.S.R. Continuation-impart of application Ser. No. 286,850, June 10, 1963. This application Aug. 21, 1967, Ser. No. 661,902

Int. Cl. B23k 27/00 US. Cl. 29-4703 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A friction welding of a layer of one metal onto a surface of a thin sheet metal article or workpiece for permitting the production of a predetermined profile on the opposite surface in which the article or workpiece is fixed in a die possessing the predetermined profile and a weld rod of the desired metal is pressed against the surface being welded while having movement imparted thereto relative to its longitudinal axis and at the same time it is imparted translational shifting movement to the article or workpiece fixed in the die relative to the rod. The foregoing assures three simultaneous operations, namely, the welding of a hard layer, the heat treatment of the metal below the welded layer and the formation of the desired profile on the surface opposite that to which the layer is welded.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present application is a continuation-in-part of our co-pending application Ser. No. 286,850 filed June 10, 1963 and entitled Method of Welding on Metals By Friction, now abandoned.

The invention relates to a method for welding a metal to a metal article or workpiece having a thin cross section and provided with a predetermined profile on the opposite surface. More particularly, the invention relates to treating mower or header segments, producing other components or agricultural equipment, such as disc cutters of beet-root harvesters, colter discs, knives of field-forage choppers or tea harvesters, seeder discs, metal cutting knives and the like.

'In the welding art, it is well known that the built-up welding methods using electric arcing or gas flames are not entirely suitable for articles or workpieces of thin cross section due to the large area of thermal influence inherent in such methods and which leads in the majority of instances, to damage of the articles or workpieces. While attempts have been made to adapt the existing methods to built-up welding of thin sheet workpieces, such attempts did not produce favorable results insofar 3,537,172 Patented Nov. 3, 1970 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An important object of this invention is to provide a built-up welding method which overcomes the problems presently existing in the art for welding metal layers on articles or workpieces of thin cross section and profiling a surface opposite the surface having the welded layer.

A further object of our invention is to provide a builtup welding method utilizing friction by which a layer is welded on one surface of the article or workpiece, with the metal below the welded layer being heat treated and the opposite surface of the article or workpiece has the desired profile imparted thereto with such operations occurring simultaneously.

A further object of Our invention is to provide a builtup welding method utilizing friction by which a layer is welded on one surafce of the article or workpiece while the desired profile is being formed on the opposite surface and simultaneously the volume of metal directly below the welded layer undergoes the thermal treatment of type due to the heat generated in the process of friction of the rod against the article or workpiece as well as to the pressing forces.

Further important objects and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent to persons skilled in the art from the following detailed description and attached drawings and in which drawings:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 5 is a view of an element of a corrugated die employed in the process, and

FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the hardness along the cross section of the segment produced according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The welding process is effected at the expense of heat 7 released upon friction on the end face of a weld rgd of'" a cast hard alloy and the surface of the workpiece to which the layer is welded. In order toexecute the process, the following conditions mugtbeprovided.

(1) The end facepf the weld rod must be pressed with a certain force/tithe surface of the workpiece to which the layeris welded.

as articles or workpieces having complex profiles on the (2) The weld rod must be rotated at a definite r.p.m. surface opposite to the welded one were concernegl Alsrf, relative to the workpiece.

suggestions have been made for welding metal onto the ntlf processing the articles to impart the required profile to the surface op posite to the weldedpne thereof, but such proposals have not proven ,to'be satisfactory. This has been due to the fa ctthatfhe process became more complex and in certain sifiiations following the built-up welding of a particularly (3) A supporting die must be employed for avoiding linear deformation due to heating and the application of mechanical force when thin walled workpiece are involved and (4) To effect the Welding along the entire length of the workpiece, the workpiece must execute a linear movement at a certain speed with respect to the rotating rod.

The welding process can be accomplished by a heat treatment of the metal immediately below the layer being welded, since welding by friction involves pressures facilitating heat treatment (stable sustenite conditions of metal under pressure) and which in nature is related to ausforming. Variations in temperature conditions through the depth of the metal in turn results in variable hardness in cross section and this has significant value for the treatment of knives to make the knives self-sharpening. As previously mentioned, in addition to the simul- 3 taneous welding and heat treatment, a desired profile, such as corrugations, can be provided with the assistance 'of a die on the surface opposite the surface having the layer welded thereto. With reference to the drawings, it will be noted. that, an article or workpiece denoted 1 and which workpiece is a mower or header cutter segment as shown in FIG. 3, is positioned fixedly in a-rigid die 2 of a heat resistant. alloy. As clearly illustrated'in FIGS. 1 and 5, the .edges of the segment were sharpened at an angle of 18 to -25 and secured to a die having corrugations C located at the desired'positions. A weld metal in the form of a bar, rod, or the like 3 is attached in a suitable clamp 4 to which rotation may be imparted relative the longitudinal line or vibratory movement in a plane of the surface of the article to be welded.

; The workpiece or article 1 maybe of rolled'steel of 2 mm. of the following compositions: 1

Steel 45 Steel U-9 Percent: Carbon 0. 42-0. 49 0. 85-0. 94 Manganese. 0. 5-0. 8 0. 15-0. 35 Silicon--- 0.17-0.37 J 0.15-0.35 Sulphur. )0. 03 Phosphorus )0. 35 Chromium )0. 25 Stable austenite state (degrees) 800 750 The weld rod 3 is of a cast alloy having the following composition and referred to as V3K stellite:

In order to weld a layer 7 onto surface 1b of the rolled. steel 1 after the edges have been sharpened as previously mentioned and the article fixed to the die 2, the rod; 3

is pressed against the surface 1b as illustrated by arrow P with a force of the order of 3.5-7 kg./sq. mm. (force normally varies-from 1 to 20 kg./sq. mm.) and rotated at a speed about its longitudinal axis of 2,150 r.p.m. for

a rod having a six (6) mm. diameter and 1,500 r.p.m.

for a rod having a 10-mm. diameter. In other words, the speed is determined by the outer diameter of the rod 3.

Under the action of these forces, the face end of the weld rod 3 and the metal of theworkpiece at the point of contact with the weldrod were heated to l,000-1,2001 C. andst hereafter the workpiece 1 and die 2 were set in motion ata speed of -20 m./hr. whereby a hard alloy 4 the article or workpiece. Hence, it is possible to weld different metals even including hard facing alloys. For ex- "ample, it is possible to weld steel to steel, hard alloys having cobalt or nickel as well as alloys containing Br etc.

It is further possible to use the invention for welding metal layers for use in electrical engineering, such as welding layers on' metal possessing high electric conductivity to steel articles, thus-ensuring great strength and having profiled surfaces for increasing the rigidity thereof. The invention additionally tends to reduce the consumption of nonferrous metals thereby simplifying the technological process.

The invention is also efiicacious for other industries which have high demands respecting anti-corrosive and decorative properties. Metal layers having anti-corrosive properties can findspecial use in'the'chemicalindustry which requires thin wall articles possessing great strength.

The heat resistant die is of material value in practicing the method, since the die exerts a favorable influence on the structure of the workpiece and the layer welded there on by virtue of the 'die' limiting considerably the heating effect and preventing theoccurrence of linear-'deformations. Consequently, the article or workpiece is subjected to substantially no warpage as has been the case with articles treated or processed according to the known welding techniques.

What is claimed is:

1. A method of the friction built-up welding of a layer I of one metal onto a surface of a thin sheet metal article and providing a predetermined profile to the opposite surface of the article, comprising the steps of positioning and fixing the article on a die of a heat resistant alloy and having a predetermined profile, pressing the end of a 1 metal weld rod against the surface of the article and imparting movement to the rod relative to the article and simultaneously effecting relative shifting between the end of the rod and the surface of the article so as to weld "(the layer onto the surface, thus providing a built-up layer 401 on said surface and-forming the predetermined profile on layer 0.050.1 iiiriifin thickness builds up on the sur-.

face of the workpiece ifi contact with the rod as illustrated in FIG. 2'. Under other conditions the thickness of the welded layer can be 0.02-0.15 mm.

The face of the workpiece 1 in contact with V is provided with corrugations as clearly seen in FIG. 4. When steel 45 is involved, the hardness of the metal underlying the welded layer is raised to Rc=45 with'the initial hardness being Rc= 1820 (FIG. 6), with the metal acquiring'finally dispersed troostite martensite structure. Duringthe welding cycle, there occurs a setting of the metal being, welded with the article or workpiece thereby providing an intimate connection between the layer and the-die the opposite surface. 2. The method of friction welding as claimed in claim 1 *inwhich the end of the weld rod is pressed against the surface with a pressure of the order of 1-20 kg./sq. mm. 3. The method of friction welding as claimed in claim 2 in which the movement imparted to the weld rod is effected by rotation of the rod about its axis with a speed of 2,000-5,000 r.p.m.

4. The method of friction welding as claimed in claim 2 in which said movement of the weld rod .is effected through.

vibration.

References Cited I UNITED STATES PATENTS JOHN F. CAlt lPBELLIj rimary Examiner B. L. ADAMS, Assistant Exa'riiiner US. ,Cl. X.R. 29-475 

